{"id":7532,"date":"2025-07-03T03:51:07","date_gmt":"2025-07-03T03:51:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nxhdyxdsj.com\/?p=7532"},"modified":"2025-07-03T03:51:07","modified_gmt":"2025-07-03T03:51:07","slug":"%e9%80%9a%e4%bf%97%e7%bf%bb%e8%af%91%ef%bc%9a%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e5%8d%b3%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e6%9e%84%e5%bb%ba%ef%bc%8cpeter-naur-1985%ef%bd%9c%e5%9c%a8-llm-%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e6%88%90%e4%b8%ba%e5%bc%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/nxhdyxdsj.com\/?p=7532","title":{"rendered":"\u901a\u4fd7\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u7f16\u7a0b\u5373\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\uff0cPeter Naur 1985\uff5c\u5728 LLM \u65f6\u4ee3\u6210\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img src=\"https:\/\/image.gcores.com\/a9795bceb888060e734f5afb5760a462-2000-1000.webp?x-oss-process=image\/resize,limit_1,m_fill,w_626,h_292\/quality,q_90\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u6587 PDF: https:\/\/pablo.rauzy.name\/dev\/naur1985programming.pdf<\/p>\n<h1>\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold\">\u8bd1\u5e8f<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u6280\u672f\u5708\u8457\u540d\u535a\u4e3b Beej \u5728 Mastodon \u63a8\u8350\u4e86 &#8220;Programming as Theory Building&#8221; \u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u5c31\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff08LLM\uff09\u91cd\u5851\u5f00\u53d1\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6781\u4e3a\u73cd\u8d35\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u7814\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u65f6\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002Naur 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\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u5fc3\u4e2d\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0d\u8a00\u81ea\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u540e\u6570\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u8be5\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u4e14\u672a\u518d\u83b7\u5f97 A \u56e2\u961f\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u7ea6 10 \u5e74\u540e\uff0cA \u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u4fee\u6539\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u539f\u59cb\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u67b6\u6784\u6838\u5fc3\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5374\u88ab\u5404\u79cd\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5806\u780c\u7834\u574f\u5f97\u9762\u76ee\u5168\u975e\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6587\u6863\u6839\u672c\u627f\u8f7d\u4e0d\u4e86\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6848\u4f8b 2 \u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u5957\u7528\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5b9e\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5236\u9020\u5546\u8d1f\u8d23\u9500\u552e\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u4ea4\u4ed8\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u5355\u72ec\u5b9a\u5236\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u548c\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u89c4\u6a21\u7ea6 20 \u4e07\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9636\u6bb5\u5c31\u5168\u804c\u6df1\u5ea6\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6295\u5165\u591a\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5f53\u8fdb\u884c\u6545\u969c\u8bca\u65ad\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u81ea\u8eab\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b9e\u6218\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u5e26\u6ce8\u91ca\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u7528\u7684\u8865\u5145\u6587\u6863\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5177\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u56e2\u961f\u867d\u7136\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u5382\u5546\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u5374\u5e38\u56e0\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u8db3\u800c\u5361\u58f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5382\u5546\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u8c03\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u80fd\u8f7b\u677e\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5927\u578b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u6301\u7eed\u8c03\u6574\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u7ea0\u9519\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u4e13\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fdd\u6301\u957f\u671f\u5bc6\u5207\u63a5\u89e6\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Ryle \u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5c06\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u6309\u7167 Ryle [11] \u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u4ec5\u61c2\u5f97\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u3001\u8bba\u8bc1\u5e76\u89e3\u7b54\u76f8\u5173\u7591\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\uff1aRyle \u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728 K. Popper [10] \u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5ba2\u89c2\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u516c\u8ba4\u5b66\u672f\u6839\u57fa\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u8282\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0 Ryle \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Ryle \u5728\u8457\u4f5c [11] \u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u533a\u5206 Intellectual \u548c Intelligent \u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u524d\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u8d85\u8d8a\u540e\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u91cc\u90fd\u5e38\u4e0e\u201c\u806a\u660e\u201d\u3001\u201d\u667a\u80fd\u201c\u6302\u94a9\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\u6709\u663e\u8457\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff0cIntellectual \u4ee3\u8868\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u80fd\u529b\uff0cIntelligent \u4ee3\u8868\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u80fd\u529b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 Intelligent \u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u50a8\u5907\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bb2\u7b11\u8bdd\u63a5\u6897\u3001\u8bed\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u9493\u9c7c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6280\u5de7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bf4\uff0cIntelligent \u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7b26\u5408\u7279\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u4e3b\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u504f\u5dee\u3001\u7ea0\u6b63\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u9274\u4ed6\u4eba\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6307\u51fa\uff1aIntelligent \u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5faa\u7279\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u6307\u4ee4\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u89c4\u5219\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6709\u806a\u660e\u591a\u5c11\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u679c Intelligent \u771f\u8981\u9760\u9075\u5b88\u89c4\u5219\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u9075\u5faa\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u9075\u5faa\u5173\u4e8e\u9075\u5faa\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u9677\u5165\u65e0\u9650\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Intellectual \u533a\u522b\u4e8e Intelligent \u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u667a\u80fd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u66f4\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u5957\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5957\u7406\u8bba\u80fd\u8ba9\u4eba\u89e3\u91ca\u884c\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u89e3\u7b54\u76f8\u5173\u7591\u95ee\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5ea6\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8d85\u8d8a\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c42\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5904\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u65e2\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e13\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6700\u666e\u901a\u7684\u7410\u4e8b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u89c4\u5212\u5bb6\u5177\u6446\u653e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6216\u7814\u7a76\u4e58\u8f66\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5904\u6240\u6307\u7684\u201c\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u65e2\u6db5\u76d6\u6700\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7406\u89e3\u725b\u987f\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u7406\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u5149\u61c2\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u529b\u7b49\u4e8e\u8d28\u91cf\u4e58\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\uff09\u662f\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916 Kuhn [4] \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u638c\u63e1\u201c\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u7406\u89e3\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u65b0\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u725b\u987f\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u7406\u89e3\u949f\u6446\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u884c\u661f\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6b63\u786e\u8fd0\u7528\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u628a\u63e1\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u60c5\u5883\u4e0e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u8868\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u7c7b\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4eba\u8138\u3001\u65cb\u5f8b\u6216\u9152\u9999\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u65e2\u96be\u4ee5\u91cf\u5316\uff0c\u66f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u7cbe\u786e\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold\">\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u9700\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\u6309\u7167 Ryle 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\/>\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u63ed\u793a\uff1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u6574\u4f53\u6846\u67b6\u6216\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u8282\uff09\u7a76\u7adf\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\u53ca\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\u3002<br \/>\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u9610\u660e\uff1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u53ca\u6574\u4f53\u67b6\u6784\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u90fd\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u76f4\u89c9\u8ba4\u77e5\u6216\u9884\u5224\u3002<br \/>\n\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u8fd0\u7528\u8bbe\u8ba1\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u91cf\u5316\u5206\u6790\u6216\u65b9\u6848\u5bf9\u6bd4\u65f6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4f9d\u636e\u4ecd\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u5224\u65ad\u3002<br \/>\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u5426\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u5e95\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u200b<\/li>\n<li>\u638c\u63e1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u54cd\u5e94\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fee\u6539\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f7f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee5\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<br 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style=\"font-weight: bold\">\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5907\u53d7\u77a9\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u201c\u7f16\u7a0b\u5373\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\u201d\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5f80\u5f80\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b\u63a8\u8350\u5177\u4f53\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u6e05\u6670\u9610\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u5957\u9488\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u89c4\u5b9a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8be5\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u6309\u4ec0\u4e48\u987a\u5e8f\u505a\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u7b26\u53f7\u6216\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\u8981\u4ea7\u51fa\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u73b0\u6709\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u201c\u7f16\u7a0b\u5373\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\u201d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u53ca\u5176\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u53d1\u5e94\u8be5\u6309\u7279\u5b9a\u6b65\u9aa4\u5e8f\u5217\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u4f1a\u4ea7\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u56fa\u6709\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u638c\u63e1\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u4ea7\u51fa\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7b26\u53f7\u6216\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u6b21\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u672c\u8eab\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u8868\u8fbe\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u201c\u7f16\u7a0b\u5373\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f16\u7a0b\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6240\u8c13\u552f\u4e00\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6d41\u89c2\u70b9\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u5904\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u53cd\u9a73\u201c\u7f16\u7a0b\u5373\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\u201d\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e24\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7a76\u4e2d\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u6210\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u5e94\u9075\u5faa\u79d1\u5b66\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u6839\u672c\u9519\u8bef\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e89\u8bae\u4e0d\u65ad\uff0c\u50cf Feyerabend [2]\uff08\u4ee5\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u53f2\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff09\u548c Medawar [5]\uff08\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bba\u8bc1\uff09\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u89c6\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b9e\u8df5\u6307\u5357\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e Polya [8,9] \u5173\u4e8e\u89e3\u9898\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u6570\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u5bf9\u7f16\u7a0b\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4f46\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ba3\u79f0\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u4efb\u610f\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u89e3\u9898\u8005\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6d3b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0e\u201c\u7f16\u7a0b\u5373\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\u201d\u5bf9\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u636e\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u5df2\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u4eba\u771f\u6b63\u505a\u8fc7\u4e25\u8c28\u8bba\u8bc1\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6210\u6548\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u7528\u6210\u719f\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6280\u672f\uff08\u53c2\u89c1 Brooks, 1980 [1] \u6216 Moher &amp; Schneider, 1982 [6]\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u90e8\u5206\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6602\u6210\u672c\uff08\u82e5\u5f97\u51fa\u6709\u6548\u7ed3\u8bba\u5219\u6210\u672c\u5fc5\u7136\u5de8\u5927\uff09\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u4e8e\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u51c6\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u53d1\u9886\u57df\u6240\u8c13\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u76f8\u5173\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u90fd\u4ec5\u505c\u7559\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u63a8\u8350\u67d0\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\u53ca\u6d41\u7a0b\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u7edd\u975e\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>C. Floyd \u4e0e\u591a\u4f4d\u5408\u4f5c\u8005 [3] \u5bf9\u4e94\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c55\u5f00\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u89c4\u5219\u4f53\u7cfb\u80fd\u673a\u68b0\u5f0f\u5bfc\u51fa\u4f18\u8d28\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u7eaf\u5c5e\u5e7b\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u4ef7\u503c\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0e\u201c\u7f16\u7a0b\u5373\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\u201d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e09\u70b9\uff1a\u5bf9\u5178\u578b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u719f\u6089\u5ea6\u3001\u5bf9\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u591a\u90e8\u4ef6\u590d\u6742\u4ea4\u4e92\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u539f\u5219\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8303\u7574\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u7f16\u7a0b\u5373\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\u201d\u4e0e\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5206\u6b67\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4f55\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u4ee5\u53ca\u91c7\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u201c\u7f16\u7a0b\u5373\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u5168\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u81ea\u884c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold\">\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\u89c2\u70b9<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\u201c\u7f16\u7a0b\u5373\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\u201d\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u6d41\u89c2\u70b9\u6700\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5bf9\u7f16\u7a0b\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d21\u732e\u53ca\u5176\u4e13\u4e1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u591a\u6570\u5173\u4e8e\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u7f16\u7a0b\u5373\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\u201d\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6d41\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d21\u732e\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5 Oskarsson [7] 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style=\"font-weight: bold\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/h1>\n<ol>\n<li>Brooks, R. E. Studying programmer behaviour experimentally. Comm. ACM 23(4): 207\u2013213, 1980.<\/li>\n<li>Feyerabend, P. Against Method. London, Verso Editions, 1978; ISBN: 86091\u2013700\u20132.<\/li>\n<li>Floyd, C. Eine Untersuchung von Software\u2013Entwicklungs\u2013Methoden. Pp. 248\u2013274 in Programmierumgebungen und Compiler, ed H. Morgenbrod and W. Sammer, Tagung I\/1984 des German Chapter of the ACM, Stuttgart, Teubner Verlag, 1984; ISBN: 3\u2013519\u201302437\u20133.<\/li>\n<li>Kuhn, T.S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Second Edition. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1970; ISBN: 0\u2013226\u201345803\u20132.<\/li>\n<li>Medawar, P. Pluto\u2019s Republic. Oxford, University Press, 1982: ISBN: 0\u201319\u2013217726\u20135.<\/li>\n<li>Moher, T., and Schneider, G. M. Methodology and experimental research in software engineering, Int. J. Man\u2013Mach. Stud. 16: 65\u201387, 1. Jan. 1982.<\/li>\n<li>Oskarsson, \u00a8O Mechanisms of modifiability in large software systems Link\u00a8oping Studies in Science and Technology, Dissertations, no. 77, Link\u00a8oping, 1982; ISBN: 91\u20137372\u2013527\u20137.<\/li>\n<li>Polya, G. How To Solve It . New York, Doubleday Anchor Book, 1957.<\/li>\n<li>Polya, G. Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning. New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1954.<\/li>\n<li>Popper, K. R., and Eccles, J. C. The Self and Its Brain. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1977.<\/li>\n<li>Ryle, G. The Concept of Mind. Harmondsworth, England, Penguin, 1963, first published 1949. Applying \u201cTheory Building\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u539f\u6587 PDF: https:\/&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7533,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/nxhdyxdsj.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7532"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/nxhdyxdsj.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/nxhdyxdsj.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nxhdyxdsj.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nxhdyxdsj.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7532"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/nxhdyxdsj.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7532\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nxhdyxdsj.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/nxhdyxdsj.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nxhdyxdsj.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7532"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nxhdyxdsj.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}